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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク South Tyrol Option Agreement ： ウィキペディア英語版 South Tyrol Option Agreement The South Tyrol Option Agreement ((ドイツ語:Option in Südtirol); (イタリア語:Opzioni in Alto Adige)) refers to the period between 1939 and 1943, when the native German speaking people in South Tyrol and three communes in the province of Belluno were given the "option" of either emigrating to neighboring Nazi Germany (of which Austria was a part after the 1938 Anschluss) or remaining in Fascist Italy and being forcibly integrated into the mainstream Italian culture, losing their language and cultural heritage. Over 80% opted to move to Germany. == Background == The region of South Tyrol had been a place of contending claims and conflict between German nationalism and Italian nationalism. One of the leading founders of Italian nationalism, Giuseppe Mazzini, along with Ettore Tolomei, claimed that the German-speaking South Tyrolian population were in fact mostly a Germanicized population of Roman origin who needed to be "liberated and returned to their rightful culture".〔Jens Woelk, Francesco Palermo, Joseph Marko. ''Tolerance Through Law: Self Governance and Group Rights In South Tyrol''. Leiden, Netherlands: Koninlijke Brill NV, 2008. P. 5.〕 The southern part of Tyrol, renamed "Province of Bolzano", had been a part of Italy since the end of World War I. After the rise of fascism in 1922, a policy of Italianization in the area was implemented ruthlessly. All places, down to the tiniest hamlet, were given Italian names, and even family names were translated. The process intensified in the 1930s, when the government of Benito Mussolini encouraged thousands of southern Italians to relocate to the region, in a deliberate attempt at reducing the indigenous German-speaking population to minority status. Between 1928 and 1939 various resistance groups formed in the province to fight the fascist Italian regime and its policy of suppressing the German language. Children were taught the prohibited German language in clandestine catacombe schools and Catholic media and associations resisted the forced integration under the protection of the Vatican. The underground resistance movement, the ''Völkischer Kampfring Südtirols'', was formed by a Nazi party member, ''Peter Hofer''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「South Tyrol Option Agreement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.